The disinfection cabinet control board is the core control unit of electric disinfection cabinets, responsible for power regulation, disinfection mode control, detection, fault alarm and human-computer interaction. Its design and module optimization directly affect the cabinet’s operational stability, disinfection efficiency, energy efficiency and service life. This paper elaborates on the core design principles of the control board, key design points of each functional module and targeted optimization schemes, to achieve high reliability, intelligence and low power consumption, adapting to the design and production needs of household and commercial disinfection cabinets.

1 Core Design Principles

Combined with the cabinet’s working characteristics (high temperature, high humidity, frequent power on/off and long-term closed operation), the control board design follows four core principles:

Priority to reliability and anti-interference: Use industrial-grade components and anti-interference circuits to resist electromagnetic interference from disinfection lamps, heating tubes and other loads; equip with overvoltage, overcurrent and short-circuit protection to prevent component burnout.

Adaptation to high/low temperature and humidity: Adopt high-temperature resistant packaging for key components and coat the PCB with three-proof paint (moisture, mildew, salt spray proof) to avoid circuit corrosion and short circuit caused by condensation and steam in the high-temperature (≤130℃) and high-humidity internal environment.

Simplification and high integration: Simplify the circuit structure with integrated chips and modular design on the premise of meeting functional requirements, reduce discrete components, lower failure rate and save layout space for the cabinet’s compact internal structure.

Energy saving and low power consumption: Optimize the power supply module and working program, control standby power consumption to ≤0.5W in line with national energy efficiency standards, and realize intelligent power regulation of load modules according to disinfection processes to avoid unnecessary energy consumption.

2 Key Design Points of Core Functional Modules

The control board consists of five core modules: power supply, main control, load drive, detection and human-computer interaction. The key design points of each module are as follows:

2.1 Power Supply Module

As the power source of the control board, it converts 220V AC commercial power into low-voltage DC power (5V, 12V, 24V) for each module. The core design point is to adopt isolated switching power supply design to isolate the high and low voltage sides, ensuring power supply stability and electrical safety.

2.2 Main Control Module

The "brain" of the control board, mainly based on single-chip microcomputer (MCU). It is required to select low-power, high-stability industrial-grade MCU, pre-burn disinfection control programs (ultraviolet, high-temperature, ozone disinfection, etc.), and realize precise control of each load module and real-time processing of detection signals.

2.3 Load Drive Module

The bridge between the main control module and the execution components (disinfection lamp, heating tube, fan, etc.). It adopts relay or triode drive circuit design to match the load power of different execution components, ensure stable on-off control, and add overcurrent protection to prevent drive circuit damage caused by load abnormality.

2.4 Detection Module

Including temperature, humidity and door switch detection sub-modules. Equip with high-precision temperature and humidity sensors to real-time monitor the internal environment of the cabinet and realize intelligent adjustment of disinfection parameters; the door switch sensor is linked with the disinfection program to cut off the disinfection load in time when the door is opened, ensuring use safety.

2.5 Human-Computer Interaction Module

Including key, touch screen and digital display sub-modules. The design adheres to the principle of simplicity and ease of operation; the key/touch circuit is optimized to prevent misoperation caused by electromagnetic interference; the digital display module adopts high-brightness LED/LCD screen to clearly display disinfection mode, time and fault code for easy operation and fault troubleshooting.

3 Targeted Optimization Schemes for Functional Modules

3.1 Anti-Interference Optimization

Add electromagnetic shielding covers to high-interference components such as power supply and drive modules; optimize PCB layout, separate high and low voltage circuits, and increase ground wires and filter capacitors to reduce electromagnetic interference and avoid program runaway and signal disorder.

3.2 Environmental Adaptability Optimization

Optimize the three-proof paint coating process to ensure full coverage of the PCB and key components; select high-temperature and high-humidity resistant connectors and wires to enhance the adaptability of the control board to the harsh internal environment of the disinfection cabinet and prolong its service life.

3.3 Intelligent and Low-Power Optimization

Integrate touch control and voice prompt functions on the basis of traditional key control to improve human-computer interaction experience; optimize the MCU working program, make the control board enter low-power standby mode when idle, and wake up quickly when triggered, further reduce standby power consumption.

3.4 Reliability and Maintainability Optimization

Adopt modular circuit design to facilitate quick replacement and maintenance of faulty modules; add fault self-diagnosis and code display functions to the main control program, which can automatically detect module faults and display fault codes, reducing the difficulty of after-sales troubleshooting and maintenance.

4 Conclusion

The core design of the disinfection cabinet control board is based on the actual working conditions of the disinfection cabinet, taking reliability, environmental adaptability and energy saving as the core. Through the precise design of five core functional modules and targeted optimization of anti-interference, intelligence and maintainability, the control board can achieve stable operation in the harsh internal environment of the disinfection cabinet.

Reasonable module optimization can not only improve the overall performance and service life of the disinfection cabinet, but also meet the market’s demand for high intelligence and energy saving of disinfection equipment. In the future, the design of disinfection cabinet control board will be more integrated and intelligent, combining with Internet of Things technology to realize remote control and data monitoring, and continuously meet the upgrading needs of household and commercial disinfection equipment.